Igneous Rocks :

Sedimentary Rocks :

Metamorphic Rocks :

week 10 chapter 6 review

water cycle

• the water cycle is a continuous movement of water, above and below the surface of the Earth
• it consists of evaporation,precipitation,condensation and collection

River deltas form when the river picks up silt, and other wreckage, on their way to the sea. It lowers its speed and energy and the silt can no longer be held in suspention so it is depostited on the sea bed.

A floodplain is a flat land next to a stream or river that streches from the banks to the base.

Sream capacity is the total amount of sediment a stream is able to transport.

stream copmpetency is a measure of the maximum sixe of the particles that the stream can transport.

karst landcape is the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock.

mechanical and chemical weathering

Mechanical Weathering :

Mechanical weathering takes place when rocks are broken down without any change in the chemical nature of the rocks, they are essentially torn apart by physical force, rather than by chemical breakdown. Some examples of Mechanical Weathering are salt wedging and frost wedging . Salt wedging occures when water enters the holes and cracks in the surface of rocks carrying salt with it. The water evaporates, and salt is left behind. Later on these salt deposits build up, creating pressure that can cause rocks to split and weaken. Frost wedging occures when the temperature drops then the water freezes. As water freezes, it expands larger than it was in liquid form. The result is that the holes and cracks in rocks are pushed outward.

Chemical Weathering :

Chemical Weathering takes place in almost all types of rocks.Chemical reactions break down the bonds holding the rocks together, causing them to fall apart, forming smaller and smaller pieces. Chemical weathering is much more common in locations where there is a lot of water.

Some examples of Chemical weathnering are Chemical Weathering of granite and of silicates.

mineral review sheet

notes:

mohs hardness scale:based on the ability of one natural sample of matter to scratch another.the samples used by this scale are all minerals. The scale goes from 1-10 , 1 is the softes and 10 on this scale is the hardest.
2.1. matter : anything that is considered to have mass and volume.
                       -elements
                       -atoms wich are units of matter that consist of a dense centeral surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
                        -isotopes share the same number of protons but not the same #  neutrons.
                        -compounds are combination of two or more elements.
                        -bondings such as:
                                >ionic bonds which transfer
                                >covalent bonds wich share electrons
                                >metallic bonds creating metals.
2.2. minerals: natrually occuring substances
                       -5 descriptions of a mineral
                               >solid >inorganic >naturally orcurring
                               >definate chemical composition
                               >definate crystalline structure
                      -4 procceses
                                >crystalization ,presipitaion , hydrothermal
                       -common mineral groups
                               >silicons , sulfates , oxides , carbonates , and halides
2.3 properties of minerals
                     -color , streak , luster , crystal form , hardness , cleavage or fracture and density .

                     -density = m/v   

earth science

                 earth science per.7

 a)The parts of an atom are electrons and neutrons .
 b) the three types of bondings are covalent bonds , ionic bonds and metalic bonds . ionic bonds are the sharing of the valence electrons .

 c)the concepts of isotopes aree that there are the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.